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The CIA has committed thousands of
illegal and immoral acts around the world, including almost
unfathomable mass murder and countless acts of terrorism and
torture.
“The CIA and the big
corporations were, in my experience, in step with each other,”
writes former CIA agent
John Stockwell. “the CIA had been running thousands of
operations over the years… there have been about 3,000 major covert
operations and over 10,000 minor operations… all designed to
disrupt, destabilize, or modify the activities of other countries…
But they are all illegal and they all disrupt the normal
functioning, often the democratic functioning, of other societies.”
The
CIA recruited Nazi war criminals. It is not known as the
“Cocaine Import Agency” for nothing (see video below). It has
engaged
in assassination and covert
chemical and biological warfare. The late
Steve Kangas (who
allegedly committed suicide in a 39th floor bathroom at One Oxford
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, immediately outside the offices of
foundations run by known
CIA operative Richard Mellon Scaife) compiled in the 1990s the
following disturbing list of CIA crimes around the world:
1929
The culture we lost — Secretary of
State Henry Stimson refuses to endorse a code-breaking operation,
saying, “Gentlemen do not read each other’s mail.”
1941
COI created — In preparation for World
War II, President Roosevelt creates the Office of Coordinator of
Information (COI). General William “Wild Bill” Donovan heads the new
intelligence service.
1942
OSS created — Roosevelt restructures
COI into something more suitable for covert action, the Office of
Strategic Services (OSS). Donovan recruits so many of the nation’s rich
and powerful that eventually people joke that “OSS” stands for “Oh, so
social!” or “Oh, such snobs!”
1943
Italy — Donovan recruits the Catholic
Church in Rome to be the center of Anglo-American spy operations in
Fascist Italy. This would prove to be one of America’s most enduring
intelligence alliances in the Cold War.
1945
OSS is abolished — The remaining
American information agencies cease covert actions and return to
harmless information gathering and analysis.
Operation PAPERCLIP – While other
American agencies are hunting down Nazi war criminals for arrest, the
U.S. intelligence community is smuggling them into America, unpunished,
for their use against the Soviets. The most important of these is
Reinhard Gehlen, Hitler’s master spy who had built up an intelligence
network in the Soviet Union. With full U.S. blessing, he creates the
“Gehlen Organization,” a band of refugee Nazi spies who reactivate their
networks in Russia. These include SS intelligence officers Alfred Six
and Emil Augsburg (who massacred Jews in the Holocaust), Klaus Barbie
(the “Butcher of Lyon”), Otto von Bolschwing (the Holocaust mastermind
who worked with Eichmann) and SS Colonel Otto Skorzeny (a personal
friend of Hitler’s). The Gehlen Organization supplies the U.S. with its
only intelligence on the Soviet Union for the next ten years, serving as
a bridge between the abolishment of the OSS and the creation of the CIA.
However, much of the “intelligence” the former Nazis provide is bogus.
Gehlen inflates Soviet military capabilities at a time when Russia is
still rebuilding its devastated society, in order to inflate his own
importance to the Americans (who might otherwise punish him). In 1948,
Gehlen almost convinces the Americans that war is imminent, and the West
should make a preemptive strike. In the 50s he produces a fictitious
“missile gap.” To make matters worse, the Russians have thoroughly
penetrated the Gehlen Organization with double agents, undermining the
very American security that Gehlen was supposed to protect.
1947
Greece — President Truman requests
military aid to Greece to support right-wing forces fighting communist
rebels. For the rest of the Cold War, Washington and the CIA will back
notorious Greek leaders with deplorable human rights records.
CIA created — President Truman signs
the National Security Act of 1947, creating the Central Intelligence
Agency and National Security Council. The CIA is accountable to the
president through the NSC — there is no democratic or congressional
oversight. Its charter allows the CIA to “perform such other functions
and duties… as the National Security Council may from time to time
direct.” This loophole opens the door to covert action and dirty tricks.
1948
Covert-action wing created — The CIA
recreates a covert action wing, innocuously called the Office of Policy
Coordination, led by Wall Street lawyer Frank Wisner. According to its
secret charter, its responsibilities include “propaganda, economic
warfare, preventive direct action, including sabotage, antisabotage,
demolition and evacuation procedures; subversion against hostile states,
including assistance to underground resistance groups, and support of
indigenous anti-communist elements in threatened countries of the free
world.”
Italy — The CIA corrupts democratic
elections in Italy, where Italian communists threaten to win the
elections. The CIA buys votes, broadcasts propaganda, threatens and
beats up opposition leaders, and infiltrates and disrupts their
organizations. It works — the communists are defeated.
1949
Radio Free Europe — The CIA creates its
first major propaganda outlet, Radio Free Europe. Over the next several
decades, its broadcasts are so blatantly false that for a time it is
considered illegal to publish transcripts of them in the U.S.
Late 40s
Operation MOCKINGBIRD — The CIA begins
recruiting American news organizations and journalists to become spies
and disseminators of propaganda. The effort is headed by Frank Wisner,
Allan Dulles, Richard Helms and Philip Graham. Graham is publisher of
The Washington Post, which becomes a major CIA player. Eventually, the
CIA’s media assets will include ABC, NBC, CBS, Time, Newsweek,
Associated Press, United Press International, Reuters, Hearst
Newspapers, Scripps-Howard, Copley News Service and more. By the CIA’s
own admission, at least 25 organizations and 400 journalists will become
CIA assets.
1953
Iran – CIA overthrows the
democratically elected Mohammed Mossadegh in a military coup, after he
threatened to nationalize British oil. The CIA replaces him with a
dictator, the Shah of Iran, whose secret police, SAVAK, is as brutal as
the Gestapo.
Operation MK-ULTRA — Inspired by North
Korea’s brainwashing program, the CIA begins experiments on mind
control. The most notorious part of this project involves giving LSD and
other drugs to American subjects without their knowledge or against
their will, causing several to commit suicide. However, the operation
involves far more than this. Funded in part by the Rockefeller and Ford
foundations, research includes propaganda, brainwashing, public
relations, advertising, hypnosis, and other forms of suggestion.
1954
Guatemala — CIA overthrows the
democratically elected Jacob Arbenz in a military coup. Arbenz has
threatened to nationalize the Rockefeller-owned United Fruit Company, in
which CIA Director Allen Dulles also owns stock. Arbenz is replaced with
a series of right-wing dictators whose bloodthirsty policies will kill
over 100,000 Guatemalans in the next 40 years.
1954-1958
North Vietnam — CIA officer Edward
Lansdale spends four years trying to overthrow the communist government
of North Vietnam, using all the usual dirty tricks. The CIA also
attempts to legitimize a tyrannical puppet regime in South Vietnam,
headed by Ngo Dinh Diem. These efforts fail to win the hearts and minds
of the South Vietnamese because the Diem government is opposed to true
democracy, land reform and poverty reduction measures. The CIA’s
continuing failure results in escalating American intervention,
culminating in the Vietnam War.
1956
Hungary — Radio Free Europe incites
Hungary to revolt by broadcasting Khruschev’s Secret Speech, in which he
denounced Stalin. It also hints that American aid will help the
Hungarians fight. This aid fails to materialize as Hungarians launch a
doomed armed revolt, which only invites a major Soviet invasion. The
conflict kills 7,000 Soviets and 30,000 Hungarians.
1957-1973
Laos — The CIA carries out
approximately one coup per year trying to nullify Laos’ democratic
elections. The problem is the Pathet Lao, a leftist group with enough
popular support to be a member of any coalition government. In the late
50s, the CIA even creates an “Armee Clandestine” of Asian mercenaries to
attack the Pathet Lao. After the CIA’s army suffers numerous defeats,
the U.S. starts bombing, dropping more bombs on Laos than all the U.S.
bombs dropped in World War II. A quarter of all Laotians will eventually
become refugees, many living in caves.
1959
Haiti — The U.S. military helps “Papa
Doc” Duvalier become dictator of Haiti. He creates his own private
police force, the “Tonton Macoutes,” who terrorize the population with
machetes. They will kill over 100,000 during the Duvalier family reign.
The U.S. does not protest their dismal human rights record.
1961
The Bay of Pigs — The CIA sends 1,500
Cuban exiles to invade Castro’s Cuba. But “Operation Mongoose” fails,
due to poor planning, security and backing. The planners had imagined
that the invasion will spark a popular uprising against Castro -– which
never happens. A promised American air strike also never occurs. This is
the CIA’s first public setback, causing President Kennedy to fire CIA
Director Allen Dulles.
Dominican Republic — The CIA
assassinates Rafael Trujillo, a murderous dictator Washington has
supported since 1930. Trujillo’s business interests have grown so large
(about 60 percent of the economy) that they have begun competing with
American business interests.
Ecuador — The CIA-backed military
forces the democratically elected President Jose Velasco to resign. Vice
President Carlos Arosemana replaces him; the CIA fills the now vacant
vice presidency with its own man.
Congo (Zaire) — The CIA assassinates
the democratically elected Patrice Lumumba. However, public support for
Lumumba’s politics runs so high that the CIA cannot clearly install his
opponents in power. Four years of political turmoil follow.
1963
Dominican Republic — The CIA overthrows
the democratically elected Juan Bosch in a military coup. The CIA
installs a repressive, right-wing junta.
Ecuador — A CIA-backed military coup
overthrows President Arosemana, whose independent (not socialist)
policies have become unacceptable to Washington. A military junta
assumes command, cancels the 1964 elections, and begins abusing human
rights.
1964
Brazil — A CIA-backed military coup
overthrows the democratically elected government of Joao Goulart. The
junta that replaces it will, in the next two decades, become one of the
most bloodthirsty in history. General Castelo Branco will create Latin
America’s first death squads, or bands of secret police who hunt down
“communists” for torture, interrogation and murder. Often these
“communists” are no more than Branco’s political opponents. Later it is
revealed that the CIA trains the death squads.
1965
Indonesia — The CIA overthrows the
democratically elected Sukarno with a military coup. The CIA has been
trying to eliminate Sukarno since 1957, using everything from attempted
assassination to sexual intrigue, for nothing more than his declaring
neutrality in the Cold War. His successor, General Suharto, will
massacre between 500,000 to 1 million civilians accused of being
“communist.” The CIA supplies the names of countless suspects.
Dominican Republic — A popular
rebellion breaks out, promising to reinstall Juan Bosch as the country’s
elected leader. The revolution is crushed when U.S. Marines land to
uphold the military regime by force. The CIA directs everything behind
the scenes.
Greece — With the CIA’s backing, the
king removes George Papandreous as prime minister. Papandreous has
failed to vigorously support U.S. interests in Greece.
Congo (Zaire) — A CIA-backed military
coup installs Mobutu Sese Seko as dictator. The hated and repressive
Mobutu exploits his desperately poor country for billions.
1966
The Ramparts Affair — The radical
magazine Ramparts begins a series of unprecedented anti-CIA articles.
Among their scoops: the CIA has paid the University of Michigan $25
million dollars to hire “professors” to train South Vietnamese students
in covert police methods. MIT and other universities have received
similar payments. Ramparts also reveals that the National Students’
Association is a CIA front. Students are sometimes recruited through
blackmail and bribery, including draft deferments.
1967
Greece — A CIA-backed military coup
overthrows the government two days before the elections. The favorite to
win was George Papandreous, the liberal candidate. During the next six
years, the “reign of the colonels” — backed by the CIA — will usher in
the widespread use of torture and murder against political opponents.
When a Greek ambassador objects to President Johnson about U.S. plans
for Cypress, Johnson tells him: “Fuck your parliament and your
constitution.”
Operation PHEONIX — The CIA helps South
Vietnamese agents identify and then murder alleged Viet Cong leaders
operating in South Vietnamese villages. According to a 1971
congressional report, this operation killed about 20,000 “Viet Cong.”
1968
Operation CHAOS — The CIA has been
illegally spying on American citizens since 1959, but with Operation
CHAOS, President Johnson dramatically boosts the effort. CIA agents go
undercover as student radicals to spy on and disrupt campus
organizations protesting the Vietnam War. They are searching for Russian
instigators, which they never find. CHAOS will eventually spy on 7,000
individuals and 1,000 organizations.
Bolivia — A CIA-organized military
operation captures legendary guerilla Che Guevara. The CIA wants to keep
him alive for interrogation, but the Bolivian government executes him to
prevent worldwide calls for clemency.
1969
Uruguay — The notorious CIA torturer
Dan Mitrione arrives in Uruguay, a country torn with political strife.
Whereas right-wing forces previously used torture only as a last resort,
Mitrione convinces them to use it as a routine, widespread practice.
“The precise pain, in the precise place, in the precise amount, for the
desired effect,” is his motto. The torture techniques he teaches to the
death squads rival the Nazis’. He eventually becomes so feared that
revolutionaries will kidnap and murder him a year later.
1970
Cambodia — The CIA overthrows Prince
Sahounek, who is highly popular among Cambodians for keeping them out of
the Vietnam War. He is replaced by CIA puppet Lon Nol, who immediately
throws Cambodian troops into battle. This unpopular move strengthens
once minor opposition parties like the Khmer Rouge, which achieves power
in 1975 and massacres millions of its own people.
1971
Bolivia — After half a decade of
CIA-inspired political turmoil, a CIA-backed military coup overthrows
the leftist President Juan Torres. In the next two years, dictator Hugo
Banzer will have over 2,000 political opponents arrested without trial,
then tortured, raped and executed.
Haiti — “Papa Doc” Duvalier dies,
leaving his 19-year old son “Baby Doc” Duvalier the dictator of Haiti.
His son continues his bloody reign with full knowledge of the CIA.
1972
The Case-Zablocki Act — Congress passes
an act requiring congressional review of executive agreements. In
theory, this should make CIA operations more accountable. In fact, it is
only marginally effective.
Cambodia — Congress votes to cut off
CIA funds for its secret war in Cambodia.
Wagergate Break-in — President Nixon
sends in a team of burglars to wiretap Democratic offices at Watergate.
The team members have extensive CIA histories, including James McCord,
E. Howard Hunt and five of the Cuban burglars. They work for the
Committee to Reelect the President (CREEP), which does dirty work like
disrupting Democratic campaigns and laundering Nixon’s illegal campaign
contributions. CREEP’s activities are funded and organized by another
CIA front, the Mullen Company.
1973
Chile — The CIA overthrows and
assassinates Salvador Allende, Latin America’s first democratically
elected socialist leader. The problems begin when Allende nationalizes
American-owned firms in Chile. ITT offers the CIA $1 million for a coup
(reportedly refused). The CIA replaces Allende with General Augusto
Pinochet, who will torture and murder thousands of his own countrymen in
a crackdown on labor leaders and the political left.
CIA begins internal investigations —
William Colby, the Deputy Director for Operations, orders all CIA
personnel to report any and all illegal activities they know about. This
information is later reported to Congress.
Watergate Scandal — The CIA’s main
collaborating newspaper in America, The Washington Post, reports Nixon’s
crimes long before any other newspaper takes up the subject. The two
reporters, Woodward and Bernstein, make almost no mention of the CIA’s
many fingerprints all over the scandal. It is later revealed that
Woodward was a Naval intelligence briefer to the White House, and knows
many important intelligence figures, including General Alexander Haig.
His main source, “Deep Throat,” is probably one of those.
CIA Director Helms Fired — President
Nixon fires CIA Director Richard Helms for failing to help cover up the
Watergate scandal. Helms and Nixon have always disliked each other. The
new CIA director is William Colby, who is relatively more open to CIA
reform.
1974
CHAOS exposed — Pulitzer prize winning
journalist Seymour Hersh publishes a story about Operation CHAOS, the
domestic surveillance and infiltration of anti-war and civil rights
groups in the U.S. The story sparks national outrage.
Angleton fired — Congress holds
hearings on the illegal domestic spying efforts of James Jesus Angleton,
the CIA’s chief of counterintelligence. His efforts included
mail-opening campaigns and secret surveillance of war protesters. The
hearings result in his dismissal from the CIA.
House clears CIA in Watergate — The
House of Representatives clears the CIA of any complicity in Nixon’s
Watergate break-in.
The Hughes Ryan Act — Congress passes
an amendment requiring the president to report nonintelligence CIA
operations to the relevant congressional committees in a timely fashion.
1975
Australia — The CIA helps topple the
democratically elected, left-leaning government of Prime Minister Edward
Whitlam. The CIA does this by giving an ultimatum to its
Governor-General, John Kerr. Kerr, a longtime CIA collaborator,
exercises his constitutional right to dissolve the Whitlam government.
The Governor-General is a largely ceremonial position appointed by the
Queen; the Prime Minister is democratically elected. The use of this
archaic and never-used law stuns the nation.
Angola — Eager to demonstrate American
military resolve after its defeat in Vietnam, Henry Kissinger launches a
CIA-backed war in Angola. Contrary to Kissinger’s assertions, Angola is
a country of little strategic importance and not seriously threatened by
communism. The CIA backs the brutal leader of UNITAS, Jonas Savimbi.
This polarizes Angolan politics and drives his opponents into the arms
of Cuba and the Soviet Union for survival. Congress will cut off funds
in 1976, but the CIA is able to run the war off the books until 1984,
when funding is legalized again. This entirely pointless war kills over
300,000 Angolans.
“The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence”
— Victor Marchetti and John Marks publish this whistle-blowing history
of CIA crimes and abuses. Marchetti has spent 14 years in the CIA,
eventually becoming an executive assistant to the Deputy Director of
Intelligence. Marks has spent five years as an intelligence official in
the State Department.
“Inside the Company” — Philip Agee
publishes a diary of his life inside the CIA. Agee has worked in covert
operations in Latin America during the 60s, and details the crimes in
which he took part.
Congress investigates CIA wrong-doing —
Public outrage compels Congress to hold hearings on CIA crimes. Senator
Frank Church heads the Senate investigation (”The Church Committee”),
and Representative Otis Pike heads the House investigation. (Despite a
98 percent incumbency reelection rate, both Church and Pike are defeated
in the next elections.) The investigations lead to a number of reforms
intended to increase the CIA’s accountability to Congress, including the
creation of a standing Senate committee on intelligence. However, the
reforms prove ineffective, as the Iran/Contra scandal will show. It
turns out the CIA can control, deal with or sidestep Congress with ease.
The Rockefeller Commission — In an
attempt to reduce the damage done by the Church Committee, President
Ford creates the “Rockefeller Commission” to whitewash CIA history and
propose toothless reforms. The commission’s namesake, Vice President
Nelson Rockefeller, is himself a major CIA figure. Five of the
commission’s eight members are also members of the Council on Foreign
Relations, a CIA-dominated organization.
1979
Iran — The CIA fails to predict the
fall of the Shah of Iran, a longtime CIA puppet, and the rise of Muslim
fundamentalists who are furious at the CIA’s backing of SAVAK, the
Shah’s bloodthirsty secret police. In revenge, the Muslims take 52
Americans hostage in the U.S. embassy in Tehran.
Afghanistan — The Soviets invade
Afghanistan. The CIA immediately begins supplying arms to any faction
willing to fight the occupying Soviets. Such indiscriminate arming means
that when the Soviets leave Afghanistan, civil war will erupt. Also,
fanatical Muslim extremists now possess state-of-the-art weaponry. One
of these is Sheik Abdel Rahman, who will become involved in the World
Trade Center bombing in New York.
El Salvador — An idealistic group of
young military officers, repulsed by the massacre of the poor,
overthrows the right-wing government. However, the U.S. compels the
inexperienced officers to include many of the old guard in key positions
in their new government. Soon, things are back to “normal” — the
military government is repressing and killing poor civilian protesters.
Many of the young military and civilian reformers, finding themselves
powerless, resign in disgust.
Nicaragua — Anastasios Samoza II, the
CIA-backed dictator, falls. The Marxist Sandinistas take over
government, and they are initially popular because of their commitment
to land and anti-poverty reform. Samoza had a murderous and hated
personal army called the National Guard. Remnants of the Guard will
become the Contras, who fight a CIA-backed guerilla war against the
Sandinista government throughout the 1980s.
1980
El Salvador — The Archbishop of San
Salvador, Oscar Romero, pleads with President Carter “Christian to
Christian” to stop aiding the military government slaughtering his
people. Carter refuses. Shortly afterwards, right-wing leader Roberto
D’Aubuisson has Romero shot through the heart while saying Mass. The
country soon dissolves into civil war, with the peasants in the hills
fighting against the military government. The CIA and U.S. Armed Forces
supply the government with overwhelming military and intelligence
superiority. CIA-trained death squads roam the countryside, committing
atrocities like that of El Mazote in 1982, where they massacre between
700 and 1000 men, women and children. By 1992, some 63,000 Salvadorans
will be killed.
1981
Iran/Contra Begins — The CIA begins
selling arms to Iran at high prices, using the profits to arm the
Contras fighting the Sandinista government in Nicaragua. President
Reagan vows that the Sandinistas will be “pressured” until “they say
‘uncle.’” The CIA’s Freedom Fighter’s Manual disbursed to the Contras
includes instruction on economic sabotage, propaganda, extortion,
bribery, blackmail, interrogation, torture, murder and political
assassination.
1983
Honduras — The CIA gives Honduran
military officers the Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual –
1983, which teaches how to torture people. Honduras’ notorious
“Battalion 316″ then uses these techniques, with the CIA’s full
knowledge, on thousands of leftist dissidents. At least 184 are
murdered.
1984
The Boland Amendment — The last of a
series of Boland Amendments is passed. These amendments have reduced CIA
aid to the Contras; the last one cuts it off completely. However, CIA
Director William Casey is already prepared to “hand off” the operation
to Colonel Oliver North, who illegally continues supplying the Contras
through the CIA’s informal, secret, and self-financing network. This
includes “humanitarian aid” donated by Adolph Coors and William Simon,
and military aid funded by Iranian arms sales.
1986
Eugene Hasenfus — Nicaragua shoots down
a C-123 transport plane carrying military supplies to the Contras. The
lone survivor, Eugene Hasenfus, turns out to be a CIA employee, as are
the two dead pilots. The airplane belongs to Southern Air Transport, a
CIA front. The incident makes a mockery of President Reagan’s claims
that the CIA is not illegally arming the Contras.
Iran/Contra Scandal — Although the
details have long been known, the Iran/Contra scandal finally captures
the media’s attention in 1986. Congress holds hearings, and several key
figures (like Oliver North) lie under oath to protect the intelligence
community. CIA Director William Casey dies of brain cancer before
Congress can question him. All reforms enacted by Congress after the
scandal are purely cosmetic.
Haiti — Rising popular revolt in Haiti
means that “Baby Doc” Duvalier will remain “President for Life” only if
he has a short one. The U.S., which hates instability in a puppet
country, flies the despotic Duvalier to the South of France for a
comfortable retirement. The CIA then rigs the upcoming elections in
favor of another right-wing military strongman. However, violence keeps
the country in political turmoil for another four years. The CIA tries
to strengthen the military by creating the National Intelligence Service
(SIN), which suppresses popular revolt through torture and
assassination.
1989
Panama — The U.S. invades Panama to
overthrow a dictator of its own making, General Manuel Noriega. Noriega
has been on the CIA’s payroll since 1966, and has been transporting
drugs with the CIA’s knowledge since 1972. By the late 80s, Noriega’s
growing independence and intransigence have angered Washington… so out
he goes.
1990
Haiti — Competing against 10
comparatively wealthy candidates, leftist priest Jean-Bertrand Aristide
captures 68 percent of the vote. After only eight months in power,
however, the CIA-backed military deposes him. More military dictators
brutalize the country, as thousands of Haitian refugees escape the
turmoil in barely seaworthy boats. As popular opinion calls for
Aristide’s return, the CIA begins a disinformation campaign painting the
courageous priest as mentally unstable.
1991
The Gulf War — The U.S. liberates
Kuwait from Iraq. But Iraq’s dictator, Saddam Hussein, is another
creature of the CIA. With U.S. encouragement, Hussein invaded Iran in
1980. During this costly eight-year war, the CIA built up Hussein’s
forces with sophisticated arms, intelligence, training and financial
backing. This cemented Hussein’s power at home, allowing him to crush
the many internal rebellions that erupted from time to time, sometimes
with poison gas. It also gave him all the military might he needed to
conduct further adventurism — in Kuwait, for example.
The Fall of the Soviet Union — The CIA
fails to predict this most important event of the Cold War. This
suggests that it has been so busy undermining governments that it hasn’t
been doing its primary job: gathering and analyzing information. The
fall of the Soviet Union also robs the CIA of its reason for existence:
fighting communism. This leads some to accuse the CIA of intentionally
failing to predict the downfall of the Soviet Union. Curiously, the
intelligence community’s budget is not significantly reduced after the
demise of communism.
1992
Economic Espionage — In the years
following the end of the Cold War, the CIA is increasingly used for
economic espionage. This involves stealing the technological secrets of
competing foreign companies and giving them to American ones. Given the
CIA’s clear preference for dirty tricks over mere information gathering,
the possibility of serious criminal behavior is very great indeed.
1993
Haiti — The chaos in Haiti grows so bad
that President Clinton has no choice but to remove the Haitian military
dictator, Raoul Cedras, on threat of U.S. invasion. The U.S. occupiers
do not arrest Haiti’s military leaders for crimes against humanity, but
instead ensure their safety and rich retirements. Aristide is returned
to power only after being forced to accept an agenda favorable to the
country’s ruling class.
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